Prognosis
Throughout the stages of Adhesive Capsulitis, shoulder activity is significantly limited and activities of daily living are greatly impeded. A portion of individuals are left with some permanent loss of shoulder motion following treatment but the exact percentage varies across studies depending on the specific treatments applied (Kisner, 2010; Neviaser and Hannafin, 2010). It should be noted that the risk of slow or incomplete recovery within two years is increased for individuals with diabetes (Griggs et.al, 2000).
_While stage specific physical treament may shorten the time course of
the condition (Diericks et.al, 2004; Griggs et.al, 2000),
inappropriately aggressive therapy at the wrong time may prolong the
symptoms (Binder, 1984). However, most individuals will
have full recovery and regain all activities of daily living within 1 to
2 years from onset (Grubbs et.al, 1993).
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Reference List
Balci, N, Balci, MK & Tuzuner, S 1999, 'Shoulder adhesive capsulitis and shoulder range of motion in type II diabetes mellitus: association with diabetic complications', J Diabetes Complications, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 135-40.
Baums, MH, Spahn, G, Nozaki, M, Steckel, H, Schultz, W & Klinger, HM 2007, 'Functional outcome and general health status in patients after arthroscopic release in adhesive capsulitis', Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 638-44.
Binder, A. I., Bulgen, D. Y., Hazleman, B. L., & Roberts, S. (1984). Frozen shoulder: a long-term prospective study. Ann Rheum Dis, 43(3), 361-364.
Blanchard, V, Barr, S & Cerisola, FL 2010, 'The effectiveness of corticosteroid injections compared with physiotherapeutic interventions for adhesive capsulitis: a systematic review', Physiotherapy, vol. 96, no. 2, pp. 95-107.
Buchbinder, R, Hoving, JL, Green, S, Hall, S, Forbes, A & Nash, P 2004, 'Short course prednisolone for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder or stiff painful shoulder): a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial', Ann Rheum Dis, vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 1460-9.
Bulgen, D. Y., Binder, A. I., Hazleman, B. L., Dutton, J., & Roberts, S. (1984). Frozen shoulder: prospective clinical study with an evaluation of three treatment regimens. Ann Rheum Dis, 43(3), 353-360.
Carette, S., Moffet, H., Tardif, J., Bessette, L., Morin, F., Fremont, P., et al. (2003). Intraarticular corticosteroids, supervised physiotherapy, or a combination of the two in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: a placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum, 48(3), 829-838.
Castellarin, G, Ricci, M, Vedovi, E, Vecchini, E, Sembenini, P, Marangon, A & Vangelista, A 2004, 'Manipulation and arthroscopy under general anesthesia and early rehabilitative treatment for frozen shoulders', Arch Phys Med Rehabil, vol. 85, no. 8, pp. 1236-40.
Dahan, TH, Fortin, L, Pelletier, M, Petit, M, Vadeboncoeur, R & Suissa, S 2000, 'Double blind randomized clinical trial examining the efficacy of bupivacaine suprascapular nerve blocks in frozen shoulder', J Rheumatol, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 1464-9
Diercks, R. L., & Stevens, M. (2004). Gentle thawing of the frozen shoulder: a prospective study of supervised neglect versus intensive physical therapy in seventy-seven patients with frozen shoulder syndrome followed up for two years. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 13(5), 499-502.
Dodenhoff, R. M., Levy, O., Wilson, A., & Copeland, S. A. (2000). Manipulation under anesthesia for primary frozen shoulder: effect on early recovery and return to activity. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 9(1), 23-26.
Griggs, SM, Ahn, A & Green, A 2000, 'Idiopathic adhesive capsulitis. A prospective functional outcome study of nonoperative treatment', J Bone Joint Surg Am, vol. 82-A, no. 10, pp. 1398-407.
Grubbs, N. (1993). Frozen shoulder syndrome: a review of literature. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 18(3), 479-487.
Gulick, DT, Borger, A & McNamee, L 2007, 'Effect of analgesic nerve block electrical stimulation in a patient with adhesive capsulitis', Physiother Theory Pract, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 57-63.
Hannafin, JA & Chiaia, TA 2000, 'Adhesive capsulitis. A treatment approach', Clin Orthop Relat Res, no. 372, pp. 95-109.
Kisner, C 2002, Therapeutic Exercise: Foundations and Techniques, Margaret Biblis, F.A. Davis Company.
Kivimaki, J & Pohjolainen, T 2001, 'Manipulation under anesthesia for frozen shoulder with and without steroid injection', Arch Phys Med Rehabil, vol. 82, no. 9, pp. 1188-90.
Levine, WN, Kashyap, CP, Bak, SF, Ahmad, CS, Blaine, TA & Bigliani, LU 2007, 'Nonoperative management of idiopathic adhesive capsulitis', J Shoulder Elbow Surg, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 569-73.
Loew, M, Heichel, TO & Lehner, B 2005, 'Intraarticular lesions in primary frozen shoulder after manipulation under general anesthesia', J Shoulder Elbow Surg, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 16-21.
Lorbach, O, Kieb, M, Scherf, C, Seil, R, Kohn, D & Pape, D 2010, 'Good results after fluoroscopic-guided intra-articular injections in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder', Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 1435-41.
Mao, CY, Jaw, WC & Cheng, HC 1997, 'Frozen shoulder: correlation between the response to physical therapy and follow-up shoulder arthrography', Arch Phys Med Rehabil, vol. 78, no. 8, pp. 857-9.
Magee, DJ 2008, Orthopedic Physical Assessment, 5th edn, Saunders, Missouri USA.
Mengiardi, B, Pfirrmann, CW, Gerber, C, Hodler, J & Zanetti, M 2004, 'Frozen shoulder: MR arthrographic findings', Radiology, vol. 233, no. 2, pp. 486-92.
Neviaser, AS & Hannafin, JA 2010, 'Adhesive capsulitis: a review of current treatment', Am J Sports Med, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 2346-56.
Norris, C 2004, Sports Injuries, 3rd edn, Diagnosis and Management, Butterworth Heinemann, London.
Ogilvie-Harris, DJ, Biggs, DJ, Fitsialos, DP & MacKay, M 1995, 'The resistant frozen shoulder. Manipulation versus arthroscopic release', Clin Orthop Relat Res, no. 319, pp. 238-48.
Omari, A., & Bunker, T. D. (2001). Open surgical release for frozen shoulder: surgical findings and results of the release. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 10(4), 353-357.
Quraishi, N. A., Johnston, P., Bayer, J., Crowe, M., & Chakrabarti, A. J. (2007). Thawing the frozen shoulder. A randomised trial comparing manipulation under anaesthesia with hydrodilatation. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 89(9), 1197-1200.
Rhind, V., Downie, W. W., Bird, H. A., Wright, V., & Engler, C. (1982). Naproxen and indomethacin in periarthritis of the shoulder. Rheumatol Rehabil, 21(1), 51-53.
Rizk, T. E., Pinals, R. S., & Talaiver, A. S. (1991). Corticosteroid injections in adhesive capsulitis: investigation of their value and site. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 72(1), 20-22.
Rundquist, PJ, Anderson, DD, Guanche, CA & Ludewig, PM 2003, 'Shoulder kinematics in subjects with frozen shoulder', Arch Phys Med Rehabil, vol. 84, no. 10, pp. 1473-9.
Salam, SH, D Morrissey 2010, Physical therapy treatment for adhesive capsulitis: clinical evidence and clinical Physical therapy treatment, group.bmj.com, viewed March 8, 2012
Van der Windt, D. A., Koes, B. W., Deville, W., Boeke, A. J., de Jong, B. A., & Bouter, L. M. (1998). Effectiveness of corticosteroid injections versus physiotherapy for treatment of painful stiff shoulder in primary care: randomised trial. BMJ, 317(7168), 1292-1296.
Wadsworth, C. T. (1986). Frozen shoulder. Phys Ther, 66(12), 1878-1883.
Walters, J, Howes, F & Buchbinder, R 2007, 'Oral corticosteroids--their place in the management of adhesive capsulitis', Aust Fam Physician, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 927-9.
Zanetti, M & Pfirrmann, CW 2004, '[Biceps tendon disorders: ultrasound, MR imaging and MR arthrography]', Radiologe, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 591-6.
Pictures
(normal vs frozen shoulder) http://physiodoctor.blogspot.com.au/
(radiating pain picture) http://findmeacure.com/page/440/
(Jordan) http://www.advertolog.com/nike/billboard/wingspan-7006405/
(pendulum exercises) http://www.uwhealth.org/
(shoulder extension with therapist) http://painreliefatlantaga.com/shoulder/
(inflammed shoulder) http://www.teachpe.com/sports_injuries/shoulder/frozen_shoulder.php
(shoulder injections) http://www.shoulderdoc.co.uk/article.asp?article=1485
(shoulder inflammed orange) http://www.gotdubai.com/shoulder/
(sunset) http://www.nwf.org/
Baums, MH, Spahn, G, Nozaki, M, Steckel, H, Schultz, W & Klinger, HM 2007, 'Functional outcome and general health status in patients after arthroscopic release in adhesive capsulitis', Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 638-44.
Binder, A. I., Bulgen, D. Y., Hazleman, B. L., & Roberts, S. (1984). Frozen shoulder: a long-term prospective study. Ann Rheum Dis, 43(3), 361-364.
Blanchard, V, Barr, S & Cerisola, FL 2010, 'The effectiveness of corticosteroid injections compared with physiotherapeutic interventions for adhesive capsulitis: a systematic review', Physiotherapy, vol. 96, no. 2, pp. 95-107.
Buchbinder, R, Hoving, JL, Green, S, Hall, S, Forbes, A & Nash, P 2004, 'Short course prednisolone for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder or stiff painful shoulder): a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial', Ann Rheum Dis, vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 1460-9.
Bulgen, D. Y., Binder, A. I., Hazleman, B. L., Dutton, J., & Roberts, S. (1984). Frozen shoulder: prospective clinical study with an evaluation of three treatment regimens. Ann Rheum Dis, 43(3), 353-360.
Carette, S., Moffet, H., Tardif, J., Bessette, L., Morin, F., Fremont, P., et al. (2003). Intraarticular corticosteroids, supervised physiotherapy, or a combination of the two in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: a placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum, 48(3), 829-838.
Castellarin, G, Ricci, M, Vedovi, E, Vecchini, E, Sembenini, P, Marangon, A & Vangelista, A 2004, 'Manipulation and arthroscopy under general anesthesia and early rehabilitative treatment for frozen shoulders', Arch Phys Med Rehabil, vol. 85, no. 8, pp. 1236-40.
Dahan, TH, Fortin, L, Pelletier, M, Petit, M, Vadeboncoeur, R & Suissa, S 2000, 'Double blind randomized clinical trial examining the efficacy of bupivacaine suprascapular nerve blocks in frozen shoulder', J Rheumatol, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 1464-9
Diercks, R. L., & Stevens, M. (2004). Gentle thawing of the frozen shoulder: a prospective study of supervised neglect versus intensive physical therapy in seventy-seven patients with frozen shoulder syndrome followed up for two years. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 13(5), 499-502.
Dodenhoff, R. M., Levy, O., Wilson, A., & Copeland, S. A. (2000). Manipulation under anesthesia for primary frozen shoulder: effect on early recovery and return to activity. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 9(1), 23-26.
Griggs, SM, Ahn, A & Green, A 2000, 'Idiopathic adhesive capsulitis. A prospective functional outcome study of nonoperative treatment', J Bone Joint Surg Am, vol. 82-A, no. 10, pp. 1398-407.
Grubbs, N. (1993). Frozen shoulder syndrome: a review of literature. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 18(3), 479-487.
Gulick, DT, Borger, A & McNamee, L 2007, 'Effect of analgesic nerve block electrical stimulation in a patient with adhesive capsulitis', Physiother Theory Pract, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 57-63.
Hannafin, JA & Chiaia, TA 2000, 'Adhesive capsulitis. A treatment approach', Clin Orthop Relat Res, no. 372, pp. 95-109.
Kisner, C 2002, Therapeutic Exercise: Foundations and Techniques, Margaret Biblis, F.A. Davis Company.
Kivimaki, J & Pohjolainen, T 2001, 'Manipulation under anesthesia for frozen shoulder with and without steroid injection', Arch Phys Med Rehabil, vol. 82, no. 9, pp. 1188-90.
Levine, WN, Kashyap, CP, Bak, SF, Ahmad, CS, Blaine, TA & Bigliani, LU 2007, 'Nonoperative management of idiopathic adhesive capsulitis', J Shoulder Elbow Surg, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 569-73.
Loew, M, Heichel, TO & Lehner, B 2005, 'Intraarticular lesions in primary frozen shoulder after manipulation under general anesthesia', J Shoulder Elbow Surg, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 16-21.
Lorbach, O, Kieb, M, Scherf, C, Seil, R, Kohn, D & Pape, D 2010, 'Good results after fluoroscopic-guided intra-articular injections in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder', Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 1435-41.
Mao, CY, Jaw, WC & Cheng, HC 1997, 'Frozen shoulder: correlation between the response to physical therapy and follow-up shoulder arthrography', Arch Phys Med Rehabil, vol. 78, no. 8, pp. 857-9.
Magee, DJ 2008, Orthopedic Physical Assessment, 5th edn, Saunders, Missouri USA.
Mengiardi, B, Pfirrmann, CW, Gerber, C, Hodler, J & Zanetti, M 2004, 'Frozen shoulder: MR arthrographic findings', Radiology, vol. 233, no. 2, pp. 486-92.
Neviaser, AS & Hannafin, JA 2010, 'Adhesive capsulitis: a review of current treatment', Am J Sports Med, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 2346-56.
Norris, C 2004, Sports Injuries, 3rd edn, Diagnosis and Management, Butterworth Heinemann, London.
Ogilvie-Harris, DJ, Biggs, DJ, Fitsialos, DP & MacKay, M 1995, 'The resistant frozen shoulder. Manipulation versus arthroscopic release', Clin Orthop Relat Res, no. 319, pp. 238-48.
Omari, A., & Bunker, T. D. (2001). Open surgical release for frozen shoulder: surgical findings and results of the release. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 10(4), 353-357.
Quraishi, N. A., Johnston, P., Bayer, J., Crowe, M., & Chakrabarti, A. J. (2007). Thawing the frozen shoulder. A randomised trial comparing manipulation under anaesthesia with hydrodilatation. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 89(9), 1197-1200.
Rhind, V., Downie, W. W., Bird, H. A., Wright, V., & Engler, C. (1982). Naproxen and indomethacin in periarthritis of the shoulder. Rheumatol Rehabil, 21(1), 51-53.
Rizk, T. E., Pinals, R. S., & Talaiver, A. S. (1991). Corticosteroid injections in adhesive capsulitis: investigation of their value and site. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 72(1), 20-22.
Rundquist, PJ, Anderson, DD, Guanche, CA & Ludewig, PM 2003, 'Shoulder kinematics in subjects with frozen shoulder', Arch Phys Med Rehabil, vol. 84, no. 10, pp. 1473-9.
Salam, SH, D Morrissey 2010, Physical therapy treatment for adhesive capsulitis: clinical evidence and clinical Physical therapy treatment, group.bmj.com, viewed March 8, 2012
Van der Windt, D. A., Koes, B. W., Deville, W., Boeke, A. J., de Jong, B. A., & Bouter, L. M. (1998). Effectiveness of corticosteroid injections versus physiotherapy for treatment of painful stiff shoulder in primary care: randomised trial. BMJ, 317(7168), 1292-1296.
Wadsworth, C. T. (1986). Frozen shoulder. Phys Ther, 66(12), 1878-1883.
Walters, J, Howes, F & Buchbinder, R 2007, 'Oral corticosteroids--their place in the management of adhesive capsulitis', Aust Fam Physician, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 927-9.
Zanetti, M & Pfirrmann, CW 2004, '[Biceps tendon disorders: ultrasound, MR imaging and MR arthrography]', Radiologe, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 591-6.
Pictures
(normal vs frozen shoulder) http://physiodoctor.blogspot.com.au/
(radiating pain picture) http://findmeacure.com/page/440/
(Jordan) http://www.advertolog.com/nike/billboard/wingspan-7006405/
(pendulum exercises) http://www.uwhealth.org/
(shoulder extension with therapist) http://painreliefatlantaga.com/shoulder/
(inflammed shoulder) http://www.teachpe.com/sports_injuries/shoulder/frozen_shoulder.php
(shoulder injections) http://www.shoulderdoc.co.uk/article.asp?article=1485
(shoulder inflammed orange) http://www.gotdubai.com/shoulder/
(sunset) http://www.nwf.org/